Biography Of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), was an Italian astronomer and scientist who was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution. Galileo Galilei improved the telescope and made important discoveries in astronomy. He was inspired by his discoveries to support the Copernican view of the earth rotating around the sun. His views were deemed heretical and he was put under house arrest. His most important scientific works were Two New Sciences on kinetics, and the strongest materials.
Galileo’s short biography
Galileo was the son of a noble but poor family in Pisa (Duchy of Florence), Italy, in 1564.
His parents recognized their child’s intelligence and talents and made sacrifices for him to be educated. Galileo chose to study medicine at the insistence of his father. Galileo was fascinated by many subjects at the University of Pisa. He was also critical of the teachings of Aristotle, which had dominated education over the past 2,000 years.
Galileo was chosen to teach mathematics at the University of Pisa. However, his harsh criticisms of Aristotle made him feel isolated from his peers. He resigned after three years of persecution and moved to Padua where he taught mathematics. He was known for his entertaining lectures, which attracted a large audience. He was able to continue his interest in mechanics and astronomy for the next 18 years.
Galileo also made significant discoveries about gravity and inertia. He also created the precursor of the thermometer. Galileo was also a part of the development of the pendulum clock. He also worked tirelessly to develop the science of gnomonics, which tells time by shadows, and the laws of motion.
Galileo’s greatest fame came in astronomy. His support for heliocentrism attracted the opposition of the Holy Roman Catholic Church.
Galileo reached the same conclusion as Copernicus, that the sun is the center of the universe and not the Earth. Galileo also loved Johannes Kepler’s work on planetary motions.
Galileo invented the first powerful telescope in the world, which enabled him to conduct many groundbreaking explorations of the universe. Galileo’s telescopes magnified magnification by around 2x to 30x. He discovered that the new telescope could magnify:
Saturn was surrounded by beautiful clouds.
The moon was not flat, but it had mountains and craters.
He discovered four moons of Jupiter using his telescope. These moons were also observed to revolve around Jupiter, rather than the sun.
Galileo used the mathematical proofs of Copernicus and new evidence from astronomy to support his theory of heliocentrism. Galileo was aware that the publication of these studies would be disapproved of by the church authorities. He also felt the need to risk the disapproval of the church.
“I don’t feel obliged to believe that the God who gave us sense, reason, intellect, and willpower has made it impossible for us to give them up.”
Biography Of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei’s Letter to Grand Duchess Christina
Galileo was a Catholic devout. Galileo had been a young man who considered the priesthood. He felt that the church had misunderstood the Bible to be a literal source of all scientific research. Galileo said, “The Bible shows how to go to heaven, and not the way that the heavens go.” 1 Chronicle 16-30. Galileo claimed that this was a wrong view of faith and Scripture.
“Copernicus does not discuss matters of religion and faith. He also doesn’t use arguments that depend on the authority of sacred writings, which he may have misinterpreted. … He didn’t ignore the Bible. But he knew that his doctrine could not be contradicted by the Scriptures if it were proven.
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615).
Galileo’s teachings had been forbidden by the Church, particularly those that supported Copernicus. In 1623, Pope Urban VIII, a new pope seemed more liberal and allowed Galileo to publish his great works in astronomy, supporting Copernicus’ ideas.
After the publication of Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems conservative elements within the Church attempted to attack Galileo’s beliefs and writings. Galileo appears to mock Pope Urban VIII’s words in this pamphlet. This makes the Pope less sympathetic toward Galileo. Galileo was therefore arrested and held for several months. Galileo was convicted of heresy and forced to repudiate his beliefs. Apocryphal stories relate to Galileo’s rebellion after he had renounced his scientific beliefs.
” Yet it moves”
He was house-arrested at Arceti for the remainder of his life.
Galileo was the father of three children born to Marina Gamba and Galileo. Polissena, one of his three daughters, was a close friend of Galileo’s. She took the name Sister Maria Celeste after entering a convent in Arti.
Galileo made discoveries even though he was censured in church. He died in 1642. He was placed under house arrest and was able to compose Two new Sciences, which summarized his earlier work in the new sciences known as kinematics or the strength of materials. Galileo made a significant contribution to the Scientific Revolution by illustrating the laws of nature mathematically and also using experimentation and observation to create theories.
“Philosophy” is written in the great book that ever lies before our eyes, I mean the universe. But we can’t understand it if it doesn’t first be understood the symbols it uses. This book was written in mathematical language.
– Galileo, Il Saggiatore (1623)
His law, “A body moving in the same direction on a level surface at constant speed unless it is disturbed,” was included in Sir Isaac Newton’s laws for motion. His influence led to many calling him the father of ‘Modern Physics’. Albert Einstein later paid tribute to Galileo’s contributions.
Biography Of Galileo Galilei
Galileo’s advocacy and fight for Copernican theory were motivated not only by the desire to simplify the representations of the celestial movements but also by his ambitions. His goal was to replace a tired and unreliable system of ideas by pursuing a more coherent and deeper understanding of celestial motions.
Einstein’s Foreword to the 2001 edition of Galileo’s famous book Dialogue Concerning The Two Chief World Systems.
Galileo, who was 77 years old at the time of his death on 8 January 1642, was blind.
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