Biography of Surendranath Banerjee
Surendranath Banerjee
Born: November 10, 1848, Calcutta
Died: August 6, 1925, Barrackpore
Job Area: Freedom Fighter
Surendranath Banerjee was a famous Indian freedom fighter. He was among the leaders of the early days of the British Raj. He was the founder of the Indian National Association’ which was one of the first political groups in India. He was elected a top member of the Indian National Congress. He is often referred to as ‘Rashtraguru’. Surendranath Banerjee was one of the moderate leaders of the Congress who always opposed British rule and defended the rights of the people of India.
The first few decades following the creation of the Congress were controlled by moderate leaders like Surendranath Banerjee and Gopalkrishna Gokhale. They believed that through cooperation with the British they could see a shift be made to the rights of the people of their country. The opposition to his ideas gradually began to emerge at the time of the Congress itself. Though many did not agree with the methods and ideas of those who gained independence, it can’t be said that these leaders created an excellent foundation to speed up the freedom movement.
Surendranath Banerjee always tried to influence the British government and to effect changes to the law for the benefit of his countrymen. Moderate leaders, such as Banerjee had a heated debate with the leaders of extremist parties and claimed that extremists were seeking changes to the political system to grant Indians the power to rule. For this, they could employ violent tactics.
The first step is life.
Surendranath Banerjee was born on 10 August 1848 in Calcutta to a Brahmin family. He has greatly influenced the progressive and liberal views of his father Durga Charan Banerjee. His education began in the family’s primary education institution, called Hindu College. After having graduated from Calcutta University, he went to England in 1868 to take part in the Indian Civil Services Examination. He passed the exam in 1869.
However, his appointment was canceled due to an age-related conflict, following the intervention of a court, he was able to appear for the test time and was again selected in 1871. After his selection the appointment was made as the Assistant Magistrate of Sylhet However, the British administration disqualified the government employee due to discrimination based on race. England was against the government’s decision, but without success. While in England he was a student of the writings of Edmund Burke and other liberal philosophers. This helped him fight his British government.
Biography of Surendranath Banerjee
Life in politics
After he return to India in 1875, He was appointed the Professor in English at the Metropolitan Institution, Free Church Institution, and Ripon College. In the following years, he began to give public talks on topics like liberalism, nationalism, as well as Indian history. On July 26, 1876, He founded the ‘Indian National Association’ alongside Anand Mohan Bose. It was among the first political institutions established in India.
The issue of the age limitation for Indian applicants to the ‘Indian Civil Service’ was addressed by the organization. Through his speeches across the country, he strongly opposed the racist policies enacted by British authorities. He gradually gained popularity across the country. The year was 1879 and he established the newspaper ‘The Bengali’.
In 1883, after the paper was shut down for an article that was published within his letters (which was deemed to be in contempt of the court) violent protests erupted in Bengal and other cities of the country, including Agra, Amritsar, Faizabad, Lahore, and Pune. Gradually, the number of members of the ‘Indian Nation Association’ also grew, and at the end of 1885, Surendranath Banerjee merged the two organizations to form the ‘Indian National Congress, whose goal was identical. In the following years, the president got elected Congress President twice (Pune in 1895 and Ahmedabad in 1902).
Surendranath Banerjee was a prominent politician who was adamantly opposed to Bengal’s division in Bengal (1905). He took part in the struggle and organized protests and petitions which resulted in the British government ending the division of Bengal by 1912. He also served as an instructor to leaders of the future such as Gopala Krishna Gokhale and Sarojini Naidu.
He was among the most senior moderate leaders of Congress. He was a senior moderate leader in Congress who believed the course of negotiations must be followed by British rule. His views were completely different from the extreme party that was in favor of absolute independence and revolution.
He was a formidable publicist and propagandist of the Swadeshi movement. The public was urged to avoid products from abroad and to embrace local ones.
Biography of Surendranath Banerjee
Surendranath Banerjee’s influence was also diminished by the declining influence of moderate politicians during the struggle for freedom. He was a fan of the ‘Morley Minto Reforms’ from 1909 however, it was resisted by the upper class and nationalist political leaders in the nation. He was also not a fan of politically-motivated weapons such as Mahatma Gandhi’s “constitutional violations”. When he accepted a ministerial post within the Bengal government, however, he was heavily criticized as well as losing the 1923 election in favor of Bidhan Chandra Roy from the ‘Swaraj’ Party as well as his career in politics nearly ended.
He was knighted in recognition of his support during the British Raj. As a minister in the Bengal government, he helped make his Calcutta Municipal Corporation more democratic.
Maker of Indian Nationalism
Surendranath Banerjee played an important part in the growth of nationalist sentiment in India initially through the Indian National Association and then through the Indian National Congress. He fought for years to have a greater part in the administration of the country, however, as the times changed the nation’s movement morphed into an unconstitutional demand that Surendranath could not even imagine. In the final years of his career, the nature of the struggle for freedom was completely different, however, it is clear Surendranath’s name has been among the men who established the basis of the national movement within the country.
Death
Following his defeat in the 1923 election against Bidhan Chandra Roy from his Swaraj Party, he withdrew from the political scene and died on the 6th of August in 1925.
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