Biography Of Albert Einstein -

Biography Of Albert Einstein

Biography Of Albert Einstein

 

born in Germany at the age of 1879 Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of the Twentieth Century. Einstein’s theories of relativity created the foundation for a new field of physics along with Albert Einstein’s E = mc2 equation for mass-energy equivalence is among the most well-known formulas that exist. In 1921, Einstein was given the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics as well as the development of Quantum Theory.

Einstein is also famous for his original thought-provoking approach to free thinking and his speaking on a wide range of issues that concern humanity and the world. He was instrumental in the theory creation of nuclear physics, and in urging F.D. Roosevelt to begin his Manhattan Project, he later made a statement against any use of nuclear arms.

In Germany and raised by Jewish parents Einstein was a settler in Switzerland and, following the rise of Hitler to power in his home was in the United States. Einstein was truly a globalist and was one of the most renowned geniuses of the Twentieth Century.

 

 

Biography Of Albert Einstein

Early life Albert Einstein

Einstein was born on 14 March 1879 within Ulm of the German Empire. His parents were working class (salesman/engineer) as well as non-observant Jews. At the age of 15, the family relocated to Milan, Italy, where his father believed Albert might be an engineer of the mechanical kind. But, despite Einstein’s intelligence and desire to learn, his first academic records indicated that he was not destined for a glittering academic career. Teachers found him to be dim and slow to master. The reason was that Albert was not interested in studying languages or that the method of learning through rote was popular at the time.

“School was not for me. I was a failure at school. It was boring for me. Teachers behaved like Feldwebel (sergeants). I wanted to understand the things I wanted to know But they wanted me to study to pass the test.” Einstein and the Poet (1983)

When he was 12 years old, Einstein was able to pick up the geometry book and began reading it completely. Einstein later referred to it as his “holy book’. He was fascinated by mathematics and began to study it by studying the greatest discoveries in the science of the time.

 

Despite Albert’s ability to learn independently, however, he struggled in school. In the end, he was told to leave by authorities since his indifference set an unfavorable example for others students.

He applied to be admitted into Zurich’s Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His first attempt failed due to failing tests for botany, Zoology, and languages. He passed the following year, and, in 1900, became the first Swiss citizen.

In college, he was able to meet an acquaintance named Mileva Maric. They formed an extensive friendship, they tied the knot in 1903 and had two sons, before getting divorced a few years later.

In 1896, Einstein was forced to give up his German citizenship to get out of conscription. He was for five years stateless until he successfully applied to be granted Swiss citizenship in the year 1901. After finishing his studies at Zurich school, he aimed to secure a teaching position however, he was unsuccessful Instead, he landed an appointment at the Swiss Patent Office.

While at the Patent Office, Einstein continued his discoveries in science and embarked on radical experiments to study the nature of light and space.

 

The initial scientific article in the year 1900 In 1905, he was completing his Ph.D. with the title “A New Method of Determining Dimensions of Molecular Dimensions. While working towards this Ph.D., Einstein also worked tirelessly on various other research work. In 1905, Einstein published four groundbreaking scientific papers that would change the face of the science of modern times. 1905 is later called his “annus mirabilis.’

Einstein’s research began to gain attention as he gained recognition, and he was offered an appointment within his university, the University of Zurich (1909) and in 1911, he received the position of full professor at Einstein’s Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague (which was at the time part of Austria-Hungary Empire). He was granted Austrian-Hungarian citizenship to take the position. In 1914 the year he was back in Germany and was appointed director at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. (1914-1932)

Albert Einstein’s Scientific Contributions

Quantum Theory

Einstein said that light doesn’t only flow as waves, but rather as electrical currents. The photoelectric effect can cause metallic materials to emit a small stream of particles referred to as Quanta. Based on this Quantum Theory, other inventors could develop new devices like televisions and films. He was given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Special Theory of Relativity

The idea was presented in a plain style, with no footnotes or references to academic sources. The basic concept of the theory is:

“Movement is only detectable and measured in terms of relative movement or the alteration in the position of one body concerning the other.”

Therefore, there isn’t a benchmark to judge the movement in the world or the plants. This was revolutionary since previously people believed that distance and time are absolute. However, Einstein proved this not to be the case.

He also stated that if electrons moved at the same speed as light the weight of their particles would rise.

This is the reason Einstein’s famous equation

E = Mc2

In this equation, E = energy, mass, and c is the rate of light.

General Theory of Relativity 1916

Based on special relativity. Einstein tried to explain the physical laws in equations that were based on mathematical equations.

He spent the final few years of his life coming up with a final, unified field theory that included an explanation rationale for electromagnetism. But, he would be frustrated while searching for this ultimate revolutionary theory.

1919 Solar eclipse

in 1911 Einstein declared that the sun’s gravitational force will cause the light to bend from another star. The reason he did this was his theory of general relativity. On May 29, 1919, during an eclipse of the sun British Astronomer, physicist, and scientist Sir Arthur Eddington were able to confirm Einstein’s prediction. The news was announced in various newspapers across the globe and helped make Einstein international recognition as a prominent physicist. It also represented international cooperation among British as well as German scientists following the terrible events during The First World War.

in the 20th century, Einstein was a frequent traveler throughout the globe, including his native UK, the US, Japan, Palestine, and other countries. Einstein delivered lectures to a crowded crowd and became an acknowledged name for his work in Physics, as well as his broad observations of world events.

Bohr-Einstein debates

In the 1920s, additional scientists began to develop the theories of Einstein and came to various conclusions about Quantum Physics. Between 1925 and 1926 Einstein was a participant in debates along with Max Born about the nature of quantum physics and the concept of relativity. Though the two scientists disagreed in physics, they had the same admiration.

Exile

As a German Jew, Einstein was at risk due to the growth of Hitler’s Nazi party. In 1933, after the Nazis gained power, they took away Einstein’s assets, and then started to burn his books. Einstein was then living in England and was offered to attend Princeton University in the US. Later, he wrote that he had never held convictions about race and nationality, but viewed himself as an international citizen.

“I don’t believe in the race in the sense of. The race is a flimsy concept. The modern world is the product of so many ethnicities that no true race exists.”

In America US, Einstein dedicated himself to strict discipline in his studies. He was not a fan of spending time focusing on maintaining his clothes and appearance. Einstein considered these things to be ‘non-essential which meant he had that he had less time to research. Einstein was known for his lack of focus. In his early years, Einstein once left his suitcase at a friend’s home. The parents of his friend said to Einstein’s parents “That young man isn’t going to be anything because the man doesn’t have any memory.”

Though he was an individual, and quite content with his friends He had a sharp sense of humor. On the 3rd of January 1943, Einstein got a message from someone who was having difficulties with maths in her academics. Einstein comforted her after he wrote his response to the letter

“Do not be concerned about your math-related difficulties. I am confident that my mathematics is far superior to yours.”

Einstein declared his belief in a God “Who manifests himself in the unity of all beings”. But, he followed no established religion. His conception of God tried to create harmony between religion and science.

“Science that is not based on religion dull”, and religion that is not backed by science.”

– Einstein, Science, and Religion (1941)

Politics of Einstein

Einstein described himself as a Zionist Socialist. He supported Israel as a state. Israel however was concerned over the narrow nationalist nature of the state. He was offered the position in 1952. was invited to the presidency of Israel However, he turned it down because he was:

“neither the inherent ability nor the expertise to work with humans.” … “I have been extremely moved by the proposal from the State of Israel, and simultaneously ashamed and sad to say that I am unable to accept the offer.”

Albert Einstein was involved in various civil rights movements, like The American campaign to stop the practice of lynching. He was a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and believed that racism was America’s most dreadful disease. However, he was also a proponent of the meritocracy that existed in American society and the benefits of speaking freely.

At the time of the war’s outbreak at the end of 1939 Einstein sent a letter to President Roosevelt about the possibility of Germany creating an Atomic bomb. Einstein advised Roosevelt of the fact that Germans were developing an explosive weapon with devastating possibilities. Roosevelt took his advice to heart and began with the Manhattan project to build the US Atom bomb. However, when the war was over, Einstein returned to his peace-loving beliefs. Einstein stated following the war that he would never be pacifist again.

“Had I known that the Germans were not able to succeed in constructing a nuclear bomb, I wouldn’t have moved one finger.” (Newsweek 10 March 1947)

Following the end of McCarthyite time, Einstein was scrutinized closely for possible Communist connections. He published an article that argued for socialism “Why Socialism” (1949) The article criticized Capitalism and proposed the possibility of a socialist democratic alternative. Einstein was also a fervent opponent of arms races. Einstein remarked:

“I don’t know how the 3rd World War will be fought however I can tell you the weapon they’ll be using on the Fourth of July–rocks!”

Einstein was hailed as a scientist. However, Einstein was also a polymath, with passion in several areas. Particularly, he was a lover of music. He said that had he chosen not to be a scientist Einstein would have been a musician. Einstein performed the violin at a very high standard.

“I often find myself thinking about music. I imagine my daydreams through music. I think of my life through the lens of music… It is the way I derive the greatest joy from music.”

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